J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours

ISBN 978-1-84976-386-8

Joseph Mallord William Turner Sky Studies towards Sunset or Sunrise c.1823-4

Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775–1851
Folio 1 Recto:
Sky Studies towards Sunset or Sunrise c.1823–4
D17773
Turner Bequest CCIV 1
Pencil on white wove paper, 190 x 111 mm
Inscribed by Turner in pencil with colour notes (see main catalogue entry)
Inscribed by John Ruskin in red ink ‘1’ top right, ascending vertically
Stamped in black ‘CCIV – 1’ top right, ascending vertically
 
Accepted by the nation as part of the Turner Bequest 1856
With the page turned vertically, Turner has recorded in shallow bands a sequence of five changing aspects of a sky with clouds, either before dawn or sunset. They are annotated with notes on colour and relative tones. In the first he notes ‘Cd Darker than the sky’, also indicating the position of the ‘sun’, though whether behind cloud or still below the horizon at this stage is unclear. In the second he notes ‘Cd Lighter than sky’, ‘[?Cold]’ and ‘Pink’, with ‘B [?G]’, probably for blue and green, above; in the third, numbered ‘3’, he observes ‘[...] darker than sky | tho warm’, with a ‘Yellow ish’ area above clouds labelled ‘Purple’ twice. In study ‘4’ he merely notes a ‘Cold’ hue towards the top, while in ‘5’, above what may be wooded horizon, the sky is marked variously ‘Green’, ‘yellow [?Light]’, ‘Pink’ and ‘Orange’. Below the skyline is a note of ‘[?Vapours] Cold’, perhaps indicating mist or dew.
There are two further sketches inside the front cover opposite (D40982) which probably continue the sequence; the sun actually appears above the horizon in the second, perhaps indicating that the progression is towards dawn. Other sky studies are listed under D40982.

Matthew Imms
November 2014

How to cite

Matthew Imms, ‘Sky Studies towards Sunset or Sunrise c.1823–4 by Joseph Mallord William Turner’, catalogue entry, November 2014, in David Blayney Brown (ed.), J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours, Tate Research Publication, April 2015, https://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/jmw-turner/joseph-mallord-william-turner-sky-studies-towards-sunset-or-sunrise-r1172481, accessed 19 April 2024.