Print techniques
Mark making
Engravers used a range of techniques and tools to make various marks on the metal printing plate. When printed, these marks appeared as different types of line, each with their own identifying characteristics.
Large tonal areas such as skies are often described with multiple cross-hatched lines.
Etched lines are drawn through a waxy ground onto the metal plate. The plate is dipped in acid which ‘bites’ the lines into the metal. Etched lines have blunt, rounded ends.
after JMW Turner
Dartmouth Cove 1827
Picturesque Views in England and Wales
Etching and engraving on paper
Purchased 1986
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An engraved line is cut directly into the metal printing plate, using a sharp tool called a burin. This produces a fine line which tapers to a point at the end.
after JMW Turner
Bass Rock 1826
The Provincial Antiquities of Scotland
Engraving on paper
Purchased 1986
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Mezzotints are also made on metal plates, but the process uses tiny dots to create areas of tone instead of lines. The image is worked from dark to light, and has a characteristic velvety softness.
JMW Turner
Ship and Cutter about 1825
Mezzotint on paper
Purchased 1989
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after Joseph Mallord William Turner
Borthwick Castle 1819
Etching and engraving on paper
Purchased 1986
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