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Post-Impressionism 

Umbrella term to describe changes in Impressionism from about 1886, date of last Impressionist group show in Paris. Best confined to the four major figures who developed and extended Impressionism in distinctly different directions. Cézanne retained fundamental doctrine of painting from nature but with added rigour, famously saying 'I want to re-do Poussin from nature'. (Poussin being notoriously intellectual pioneer of French landscape.) Seurat put Impressionist painting of light and colour on scientific basis (Neo-Impressionism, Divisionism). Gauguin retained intense light and colour but rejected painting from nature and reintroduced imaginative subject matter. Van Gogh painted from nature but developed highly personal use of colour and brushwork directly expressing emotional response to subject and his inner world.
 

Paul Cézanne, The Grounds of the Château Noir, circa 1900-6
Paul Cézanne
The Grounds of the Château Noir
circa 1900-6
 
Paul Gauguin, Faa Iheihe, 1898
Paul Gauguin
Faa Iheihe
1898
 
Vincent van Gogh, Farms near Auvers, 1890
Vincent van Gogh
Farms near Auvers
1890