Marcel Duchamp
Fountain
(1917, replica 1964)
Tate
© Succession Marcel Duchamp/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2024
Naum Gabo Construction in Space ‘Crystal’ 1937 and Spiral Theme 1941
Naum Gabo Construction in Space ‘Crystal’coloured to show the different sections from which this sculpture has been constructed
Marcel Duchamp
The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)
(1915–23, reconstruction by Richard Hamilton 1965–6, lower panel remade 1985)
Tate
© Estate of Richard Hamilton and Succession Marcel Duchamp/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2024
Unlike a fake, a replica is not trying to pass for the original and is often made by the artist and used for historical and educational purposes. The vogue for collecting replicas reached the height of popularity in the mid to late nineteenth century when few people could afford to travel on the Continent, so museums acquired reproductions of important monuments and works of art to complement their collections.
Replicas in modern art are made as a result of original works of art decaying or being lost. Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain, the most famous of the artist’s readymade sculptures, was replicated in collaboration with Duchamp from a photograph of the lost original.
Tate holds the largest collection of plastic sculptures by Naum Gabo, but despite controlled storage conditions, many of these works are cracking and warping. Computer software can be used to help virtually restore the sculpture models, so that replicas can be made of the originals.