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"title": "The Circle of the Lustful: Francesca da Rimini (‘The Whirlwind of Lovers’)",
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{
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"content": "<p>After the success of the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> of 'The Book of Job', Linnell commissioned Blake to make <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> of the Dante series as well. However by the time of Blake's death in 1827 only seven engravings had been made. This one illustrates a scene from Canto 5 of 'Hell'. Virgil shows Dante those 'whom love bereav'd of life', including Paolo and Francesca. The daughter of a thirteenth-century lord of Ravenna, Francesca fell in love with her husband's brother, Paolo. The betrayed husband had them both put to death. Dante, full of compassion, faints. Paolo and Francesca are also shown, truly united, above Virgil's head. Blake's original <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> is in the City Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham.</p>",
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"content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-a00005\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00005</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i>: Engravings</b> 1826–7/1892</p>\n<p>A 00005–11 [<span>A00005</span>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-a00011\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00011</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-and-virgil-penetrating-the-forest-n03351\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03351</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-in-the-empyrean-drinking-at-the-river-of-light-n03370\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03370</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-t01950\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01950</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-t01956\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01956</span></a>; complete]\n<br/>\n<br/>Seven line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper, each approx. 240×335 (9 1/2×13 1/4)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (in 148, with the 102 watercolour illustrations to Dante) £7,665 bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Russell <i>Engravings</i>\n1912, pp.115–8 no.34; Keynes <i>Bibiliography</i> 1921, pp.182–5 no.56; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17; Roe 1953, pp.4–6, 41–2, 65, 96, 97, 108, 110, 116–7, 127–8, series repr. pls.10E, 41E, 42E, 51E, 53E, 58E and 65E; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.873, 876–7, 879; Ruthven Todd, <i>Blake's Dante Plates</i>, 1968 (reprinted with additions from <i>Book Collecting & Library Monthly</i>, VI, 1968, pp.164–71, itself based on a letter to <i>The Times Literary Supplement</i> 29 August 1968, p.928); Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.315–6; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.544–6 no.448; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, p.487 nos.647–53, series repr.plus full-size details; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.78–9, 250–4\n<br/></p>\n<p>This is the first of two sets in the Tate Gallery of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> taken from the original plates. Altogether four printings have been done, two while the plates belonged to the Linnell family and two while they belonged to Lessing J. Rosenwald. In a ‘List of John Linnell Senior's Letters and Papers’ (in the Ivimy Collection) Linnell's son John Linnell Jr wrote that, following a few proofs taken by Blake himself, his father had ‘had India proofs taken (all disposed of)’; the accounts and day books of Dickson & Ross show that this was in 1838. John Linnell Jr goes on to say that after his father's death fifty further copies, in ‘india on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>’, were printed by Holdgate; the draft of a letter from the same writer to Bernard Quaritch of 6 May 1892 (also in the Ivimy Collection) implies that this second printing was about to be made. As all of the 1838 printing was ‘disposed of’ it was presumably one of the later series that was acquired for the Tate Gallery in the Linnell sale of 1918. Of what seem to be Blake's original proofs there is a complete set of one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>proof</span></a> for each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> in the British Museum and individual proofs elsewhere. The plates have passed, with the Rosenwald Collection, to the National Gallery of Art, Washington.\n<br/>\n<br/>The subject of each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraving</span></a> was identified on a label pasted to the cover of the 1838 issue that reads as follows:\n<br/></p>\n<p>BLAKE'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF DANTE. /<i>Seven Plates, designed and engraved by</i> W. BLAKE, <i>Author of ‘Illustrations of / the Book of Job,’ &c. &c.</i> /Price £2.2s. India Paper./—/ PLATE I./ ... and like a corse fell to the ground./ HELL; Canto v.line 137. / PLATE II./....seiz'd on his arm, / And mangled bore away the sinewy part. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 70. / PLATE III./ .... so turn'd / His talons on his comrade. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 135./ PLATE IV. / ...lo! a serpent with six feet / Springs forth on one, / HELL; Canto xxv. line 45./ PLATE V. / He ey'd the serpent and the serpent him. / HELL; Canto xxv. line 82. / PLATE VI. /... Then two I mark'd, that sat Propp'd gainst each other, /HELL; Canto xxix, line 71. / PLATE VII./ ‘Wherefore dost bruise me?’ weeping he / exclaim'd. /HELL; Canto xxxii.line 79. / CARY'S DANTE.\n<br/></p>\n<p>The first record of Blake working on the engravings comes in a letter by him to Linnell of 2 July 1826, in which he wrote that he was coming to stay with him in Hampstead bringing, ‘besides our necessary change of apparel, Only My Book of Drawings from Dante & one Plate shut up in the Book’. On 25 April 1827 Blake wrote to Linnell to say that ‘I have Proved the Six Plates, & reduced the Fighting devils for the Copper’. Blake's death on 12 August 1827 prevented any further work on the engravings, and ‘The Baffled Devils Fighting’ is noticeably incomplete; Blake might, of course, have intended to work further on the other plates as well.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3371 i–viii.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00005</span> <b>The Circle of the Lustful: Francesca da Rimini (‘The Whirlwind of Lovers’)</b>\n<br/></p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘The Whirlwind of Lovers from Dantes Inferno Canto V’ in mirror-writing, b.r.\n<br/>Engraving 243×335 (9 9/16×13 3/16); platemark 276×353 (10 7/8×13 7/8)\n<br/>\n<br/><i>Inferno</i> V, 25–45, 127–142. Dante swoons at Virgil's feet on seeing the ill-starred lovers Paolo and Francesca da Rimini. They also appear, reunited, above Virgil in a glory of light. The original <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> is in the City Muscum and Art Gallery, Birmingham (Butlin 1981, no.812 <i>10</i>, repr. Roe 1953, Klonsky 1980 and Gizzi 1983, all as pl.10).\n<br/></p>\n<p><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/></p>\n",
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