Joseph Mallord William Turner Five Views on Lake Maggiore; Including Intra, Villa Balabio and the Rocca di Caldé 1819
Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775–1851
Folio 76 Recto:
Five Views on Lake Maggiore; Including Intra, Villa Balabio and the Rocca di Caldé 1819
D14290
Turner Bequest CLXXIV 75
Turner Bequest CLXXIV 75
Pencil on white wove paper, 111 x 186 mm
Inscribed by the artist in pencil (see main entry)
Inscribed by John Ruskin in blue ink ‘75’ and ‘ ‘284’ ’ top right
Stamped in black ‘CLXXIV 75’ bottom right
Inscribed by John Ruskin in blue ink ‘75’ and ‘ ‘284’ ’ top right
Stamped in black ‘CLXXIV 75’ bottom right
Accepted by the nation as part of the Turner Bequest 1856
Exhibition history
1904
National Gallery, London, various dates to at least 1904 (603c).
1912
[unknown venue], ?1912 (no catalogue).
References
1909
A.J. Finberg, A Complete Inventory of the Drawings of the Turner Bequest, London 1909, vol.I, p.510, as ‘Near the Borromean Islands, on Lago Maggiore; one view of “Lavino” in distance on the right, with a headland, “Giuliano” (?), on opposite side; with various remarks, such as “Sea green with dark waves”, also “Boats have the (sign for awning) over the edge, close seat behind for the tiller, which is changed, the Maggiore one had the tiller (another sign), the Steersman sat upon the spare oar”; another sketch of “Intra”, with Monte Rosso behind the town and “St Gothard” in distance; other sketches of “Glascio” (?), “Baso call’d Castello St. Petro”, &c. Exhibited Drawings, No.603c, N.G.’.
1997
Eric Shanes, Turner’s Watercolour Explorations 1810–1842, exhibition catalogue, Tate Gallery, London 1997, p.98 [Appendix I].
2006
Federico Crimi, ‘J.M.W. Turner e il Verbano: Sulle vedute del porto d’Arona e dell’Isola Bella’, in Verbanus, no.27, 2006, pp.180 notes 9 and 10, 183 reproduced, 184 notes 11 and 12.
2007
Federico Crimi, ‘J.M.W. Turner e il Verbano: 1819: Torino, Milano e il Sempione’, in Verbanus, no.28, 2007, pp.30–1 (see Tavola B).
2008
James Hamilton, Nicola Moorby, Christopher Baker and others, Turner e l’Italia, exhibition catalogue, Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara 2008, p.41, reproduced.
2009
Federico Crimi, ‘ “Il lago è un libro pieno di ogni possibile effetto.” Vedute della riva orientale tra Sette e Ottocento, indizi per un catalogo generale del Verbano’, Loci Travaliae, no.18, 2009, cat. Rc.01, reproduced.
2009
Federico Crimi, ‘J.M.W. Turner e il Verbano: Repertorio’, in Verbanus, no.30, 2009, pp.60–1, as ‘Intra (a, f), villa Balabio (b, c) e rocca di Caldé dal lago (d); altri panorami (e)’.
As he had already done on Lakes Como and Lugano, Turner toured Lake Maggiore by boat, leaving Luino and heading west toward Baveno see folios 76–78 verso (D14290–D14297; Turner Bequest CLXXIV 75–78a). The five sketches on this page all represent views seen from the waters of the lake between Luino and Intra. They have been fully identified by Federico Crimi.1
The uppermost horizontal vista represents a view looking north-east from a point on the lake near between Intra and Laveno. Visible in the background to the left is the promontory of Cannero, while the horizon is dominated by the profiles of Monte Tamaro, Monte Lema and Monte Cadrigna. To the right is the bay enclosing the town of Laveno. A small part of the composition spills over onto the opposite sheet of the double-page spread, see folio 75 verso (D14289; Turner Bequest CLXXIV 74a). Turner has annotated the drawing with extensive notes on colour, tone and locations. These are variously throughout the sketch: ‘Light’, ‘Blue Clouds’, ‘R Light’, ‘cloudy | yel haze | below the mountains’, ‘[?D...]’, ‘Blue’, ‘Lavino’, ‘[?too light]’, [?too light], ‘[?Giuliano]’, ‘Sea’, ‘Green’, ‘Sea green with dark waves’, ‘Boats have the [sketch of awning] over the edge | close seat behind for the tiller, which is changed: the Maggiore one had the tiller [sketch], the Steersman sat upon the spare oar’. Eric Shanes has linked the study with the composition of a later watercolour study (see Tate D25487; Turner Bequest CCLXIII 364).2
The remaining two horizontal sketches both depict the town of Intra on the Borromean Gulf.3 The central vista depicts Intra from the north-east. Just in front of the town is the promontory of Arizzano with the so-called Villa Balabio (also known as the Villa Caccia-Piatti e Prina, or the Villa delle torre). At the bottom meanwhile is an alternative view from the south-east with the Ponte San Giovanni. Both sketches include the prominent campanile of the Cathedral of San Vittore. The lower study includes an inscription ‘Intra’, and the artist has also noted the rough location of two of the most significant locations in the Swiss Alps, the peak of Monte ‘Rosa’ and the Pass of St ‘Gothard’.
The page also contains two sketches executed with the sketchbook held vertically. The uppermost of these depicts the Rocca di Caldé from the west. The drawing has been annotated with the phrases ‘Sea Green waves’ and ‘Boat called Castello St Pietro’. Beneath this is a view of the promontory of Arizzano from the east with the towers of the Villa Balabio, inscribed ‘[?Glascio]’ and ‘mag’[?giore].
Nicola Moorby
January 2013
How to cite
Nicola Moorby, ‘Five Views on Lake Maggiore; Including Intra, Villa Balabio and the Rocca di Caldé 1819 by Joseph Mallord William Turner’, catalogue entry, January 2013, in David Blayney Brown (ed.), J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours, Tate Research Publication, August 2013, https://www