Joseph Mallord William Turner

Made with the page turned horizontally, these fluent pen sketches of boats sailing before a strong wind may have been drawn direct from the motif, though they are more probably invented as potential elements in one of the marine subjects that Turner was developing in this sketchbook. In fact, the right–hand boat appears, only slightly modified, as the central vessel in the painting Calais Pier, with French Poissards Preparing for Sea: An English Packet Arriving, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1803 (National Gallery, London).1

Similar pen drawings of boats appear on folios 73 verso, 75 verso and 76 verso–77 recto (D05046, D05050, D05052–D05053; Turner Bequest LXXXI 144, 148, 150–151).