Joseph Mallord William Turner

A large number of studies from the Naples: Rome C. Studies sketchbook represent variant views of the Roman Campagna, the area of countryside encircling the outskirts of the Eternal City (Tate D16122–D16139; Turner Bequest CLXXXVII 34–51). Cecilia Powell first identified the subject of the sketches on this page as Ponte Nomentano, an ancient bridge which spans the River Aniene approximately three miles north-east of the city walls, and approximately one mile upstream from the Ponte Salario.1 As Turner’s studies show, the bridge comprised one large central arch with smaller side arches, whilst the crossing was fortified by an eclectic medieval development of embattled towers and walls. He studied this unusual combination from a variety of angles. The uppermost drawing records the bridge face on from the north-east, on the Monte Sacro side of the river. In the far distance can be seen the arches of the Claudian Aqueduct and the small dome of the temple of Minerva Medica. The second sketch from the top is a smaller study which repeats the view from the opposite side, and the third sketch from the top depicts an oblique prospect of the bridge from the eastern end. The most detailed sketch is the one at the bottom of the page which depicts the western end from the Rome bank of the river.

By the nineteenth century, exploration of the city’s environs had become as much part of the Roman experience as its architecture and monuments. Turner’s forays into the Campagna followed a long artistic tradition established during the seventeenth century by Claude Lorrain (circa 1600–1682) and Nicolas Poussin (1594–1665). The two French masters had famously made a number of sketching trips along the banks of the Tiber north of the city; indeed the countryside between the Porta del Popolo and the Ponte Molle had popularly become known as the ‘Promenade de Poussin’. The Ponte Nomentano was one of a number of landmarks which had become an established motif through the repertory of the ‘vedute’ tradition, see for example a drawing by Richard Wilson (Tate, T03026).2 Turner made a number of other sketches on folio 39 (D16127), on the inner front cover of the sketchbook (D41405) and on D40079 (the verso of D16129; CLXXXVII 41). See also the Small Roman C. Studies sketchbook (Tate D16465; Turner Bequest CXC 50).