Joseph Mallord William Turner

There are two slight views at the top and bottom, inverted relative to each other, showing similar distant prospects of Southampton, with its two church spires (for which see later in the text). Most of the drawings from here to folios 68 verso–69 recto (D18122–D18123) were made around the town (subsequently a city), an important Hampshire port on the banks of the River Test above its confluence with the River Itchen, forming Southampton Water, on the mainland some twelve miles north-west of Cowes. (For more on studies in this sketchbook relating to the regatta events at Cowes from late July 1827 onwards, see the sketchbook Introduction.) Finberg’s tentative identification of folios 61 verso–62 recto (D18108–D18109) as showing Southampton1 is the only one confirmed of the very few he made in the whole sketchbook. As the few subsequent pages include identified Cowes views, the Southampton sequence may represent a brief excursion during Turner’s extended stay on the island, taking in Calshot Castle on the Solent along the way (see folios 60 verso and 61 recto; D18106, D18107).

Southampton has seen immense change since Turner’s time, not least in the reclamation of large areas of the Test foreshore north-west of the old town walls for cruise-liner docks and other commercial developments.2 Bombing in the Second World War and subsequent rebuilding left little of the older fabric intact, except for some sections of the medieval walls and gate-towers. Turner’s views are characterised by two slender church spires, which appear to be those of St Michael’s, which still stands, and nearby Holyrood (or Holy Rood), of which only the tower survives intact. There is a view including these two spires across water in the 1795 Isle of Wight sketchbook (Tate D00418; Turner Bequest XXIV 12), as well as a study of the Bargate (Tate D00416; Turner Bequest XXIV 10). The later Guernsey sketchbook includes some slight studies (Tate D23541, D23571, D23573, D23604–D23605, D23607, D23644; Turner Bequest CCLII 11, 27a, 28a, 45a–46, 47, 65a). Compare also Edward Dayes’s Southampton from the Grounds of Cranbury Park (Tate D36346; Turner Bequest CCCLXXI D), the sepia watercolour by G.W. Gent (Tate T08908), and William Westall’s 1814 view for the Picturesque Views on the Southern Coast of England (Tate impressions: T05322, T05323).